Conservation of Barilius barila Through Innovative Cultivation: Ecological, Socio-Economic, Ethical Impacts in Bengal and Relevant Legal Issues

The conservation of Barilius barila (locally known as Boroli) is significant for maintaining ecological balance and supporting the socio-economic fabric of North Bengal, India. This study explores innovative cultivation techniques aimed at preserving this species, which is indigenous to the clear streams and shallow rivers of India, Nepal, Bangladesh, and Myanmar. Despite its classification as "Least Concern" by the IUCN, Barilius barila faces threats from environmental degradation, particularly in North Bengal. This research examines the ecological, socio-economic, ethical, and legal dimensions of Barilius barila conservation, with a focus on the artificial cultivation efforts initiated by the West Bengal government in South Bengal. The study employed a mixed-methods approach i.e. water quality assessments, and socio-economic analyses to assess the effectiveness of these conservation strategies. The findings highlight the challenges posed by anthropogenic activities, including pollution, deforestation, and climate change, which have led to the degradation of natural habitats and a decline in the quality of naturally sourced Barilius barila. The research also addresses ethical concerns regarding the potential impact of artificial cultivation on the species' taste and market value which necessitates legal frameworks to support sustainable practices. This study advances the understanding of Barilius barila conservation by providing an analysis of the species' ecological role, the socio-economic implications of its decline, and the effectiveness of innovative cultivation methods. The finding justifies the importance of balancing technological interventions with the preservation of natural habitats, ensuring the long-term sustainability of Barilius barila and its ecological niche in North Bengal.