Limestone and Silicate Applications by Different Methods to Correct Soil Acidity

The study aimed to measure the variation in the values of pH, P, K, Ca, Mg, Al, H+Al, V, and Ca and Mg saturation after limestone and silicate applications as a function of different soil correction methods and incubation periods under a controlled environment. The research was carried out in a greenhouse at the FCA of the Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD). The experiment was completely randomized in a factorial scheme (5 × 3 × 5), with four replications. The main factors consisted of five incubation times: 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 days; three soil classes: dystrophic Red Latosol (LVd), Dystroferric Red Latosol (LVdf), and dystrophic Gray Argisol (PACd); and five soil acidity correction methods: control, Ca/Mg balance for limestone and silicate, and 50% and 70% base saturation. Chemical analysses were performed after each incubation period. A regression analysis was carried out once a significant difference was observed between the means of the main factors of the analysis of variance, being adjusted to quadratic models for pH, P, Al, K, Ca, Mg, H+Al, and V. Statistical analyses were performed in the AgroStat software. The ideal soil incubation time to reach the maximum efficiency of correction of the chemical attributes of LVd, LVdf, and PACd soils by the studied methods ranges from 78 to 86 days. The application of limestone by balance of 60% Ca and 20% Mg and calcium and magnesium silicates achieved the best correction indexes of soil chemical attributes, enabling the proposed equation as a calcium and magnesium silicate calculation.