Study of Combination of Nanoherbal Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium) and Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) Effects in the Expression of Malondialdehyde (MDA), Heat Shock Protein-70 (HSP70) and Placental Histology of Preeclamptic Rats

Background: Pre-eclampsia (PE) contributes to the second cause of maternal death in Indonesia. Andaliman is a typical spice of the Batak ethnic in Northern Sumatera Province, Indonesia. This study aimed to explore the potential of novel herbal medicine compound of nanoherbal andaliman and extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) as PE treatment. Methods: Nanoherbal andaliman was generated using High-energy Milling (HEM). The treatments were divided into the following five groups: K- (control): pregnant rats; K+: PE model rats; P1: PE model rats + 0.45 g of EVOO/200 g BW on the 13th–19th day of pregnancy; P2: PE model rats + nanoherbal andaliman 100 mg/200 g BW on the 13th– 19th day of pregnancy; and P3: PE model rats + combination of 0.45 EVOO/200 g BW and nanoherbal andaliman 100 mg/200 g BW on the 13th–19th day of pregnancy. Rats were dissected on the 20th day of pregnancy. The observed parameters were blood pressure, proteinuria, malondialdehyde (MDA), Heat Shock Protein-70 HSP-70 and histology of placenta. Results: A significant difference was noticed (p<0.05) in blood pressure, proteinuria, foetal weight, haematocrit, erythrocytes and trophoblastic cells after the administration of combined nanoherbal andaliman and EVOO. No significant differences in placental weight, foetal number, leukocytes, MDA and HSP-70 were found (p>0.05). Conclusion: The combination of nanoherbal andaliman and EVOO decreased systolic blood pressure and induced the expression of MDA and HSP-70, as well as placental histology of pre-eclamptic rats.