Estimation of Heterosis for Plant Growth, Oil Content and Yield Related Traits in Indian Mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern and Coss] Using Half Diallel

Genetic investigation was carried out diallel design for heterosis analysis studies the experimental material comprised with eight parents with two checks was carried out to identify high heterotic crosses and their relationship in Indian mustard. Several hybrids exhibited heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis for seed yield per plant and other characters. The heterosis analysis revealed substantial hybrid vigor across 28 hybrid crosses, with noteworthy improvements in traits such as earlier flowering, earlier maturity, and increased seed weight. The seed yield per plant exhibited better parent heterosis ranging from -20.71% to 16.28%, with five crosses yielding more seeds than their better parents. P3 (PM-22) X P8 (RH-749) was the best cross, with a 16.28% increase. Standard heterosis ranged from -38.72% to 35.14%, with ten crosses showing significant positive heterosis. The findings from this investigation provide crucial insights into the genetic performance and breeding potential of Indian mustard genotypes. The identified parental lines and cross combinations with desirable heterosis effects offer valuable resources for breeding programs aimed at developing high-yielding and resilient mustard varieties, contributing to the advancement of agricultural practices and crop improvement. The above best parent and best crosses can be used in hybridization and heterosis breeding respectively.